以風電產業公司為案例解釋
目錄1.前言
2.CAPEX
3.OPEX
4.案例練習
前言
因為最近在投風電相關領域職缺，發現
1.Siemens Gamesa — Engineering Manager, APAC, OF BU
的JD其中一條是 Support and undertake CAPEX cost calculations; request offers from vendors.
2.Hai Long Offshore — O&M Financial Analyst 的JD有Maintaining and updating the financial assumptions(OPEX) for the projects
所以開始研究這兩個名詞的意思
CAPEX (capital expenditure)資本開銷
是公司投資買資產 property, plant & equipment (PP&E)的錢，是一個投資人評斷製造類型公司是否成長的重要指標
CapEx分為兩種，一個是maintenance CapEx稱為維護性資本支出，是維持公司基本運作的資本開銷；另一個是expansion CapEx稱為擴展資本支出，是拓展公司業務的資本開銷。算法如下:
CapEx = PP&E (current period) — PP&E (prior period) + Depreciation (current period)
-PP&E(Property, plant, and equipment.Balance Sheet):資產負債表固定資產的不動產、廠房及設備
-Depreciate&Amortization: Income Statement損益表的折舊、分攤
OPEX(Operating Expenses)營業費用
是公司每天常態性的支出， 包含:employee salaries, rent, utilities, property taxes, and cost of goods sold (COGS),business travel…etc，租用設備的租金可能被算在OPEX而不是CAPEX裡。另外OPEX可在營業稅中扣除。
企業如果無法藉調高產品售價，或是開拓新市場增加收入，往往會嘗試以節省成本來維持盈利，包括縮減OPEX營業費用。公司如果已失去競爭力，可能必須藉著裁員等手段節省支出。
算法：
Operating expenses = selling, general and administrative (SG&A) = accounting supplies + expenses on office supplies + insurance + licensing fees + legal fees + marketing and advertising + payroll and wages + repairs and equipment maintenance + taxes + travel + utilities + vehicle expenses
案例練習
於是我找了幾家風力發電產業鏈的製造類型公司，做計算
